WebLiving Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to the present, showing how our body's most visible trait influences our social interactions in profound and complex ways. Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. 103 pages, Paperback Published September 1, 2001 In our studies, the toxicity of the melanin from A. nidulans was also evaluated due to its potential practical application as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. According to the authors, these media contain nutrients that can regulate the expression of genes of interest and activate metabolic pathways important for the production of pigments. In W. dermatitidis and A. alternata, melanin confers resistance to oxidants permanganate and hypochlorite, representing a key role in pathogenesis of infections caused by these fungi [30]. Another study in Monascus sp. Some fungi have more than one biosynthetic pathway of melanins. In addition, these organisms can be genetically modified to increase productivity and quality of the produced pigments [37, 38]. WebIt is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced. These results showed that melanin thin films have great potential in the reconstruction of tissues, being biodegradable, and possess inflammatory response comparable to silicone. isolated from a wall surface, suggesting the application of these nanoparticles as effective paint additives. The pigment production from microorganisms is considered more advantageous because it is a more efficient and cost-effective process than chemical synthesis of pigments. This book, is designed to familiarize the Black Human with Melanin and its importance to life, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Melanins produced by Exophiala pisciphila and Aspergillus bridgeri ICTF-201 exhibited a significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity comparable with that of synthetic melanin, indicating its antioxidant potential [102, 103]. Uploaded by The results obtained in our laboratory using a melanin-overproducing mutant (MEL1) from A. nidulans fungus [31, 93] showed that biosorption capacity for neodymium and lanthanum varied with stage of growth of this mutant; the biomass obtained after 72 hours of growth exhibited a 75% increase compared to the biomass of 48 hours. In recent years, efforts have been focused on investigating the potential use of this pigment as active material in tissue repair engineering. Studies on wood-inhabiting fungi indicate that pH of the substrate potentially plays an important role in fungal melanin formation. and Alternaria alternata (Fr.) 8 (August 2004): 656-https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x. WebThe book features nearly all unknown secrets. WebMelanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers A. Bernardus Mostert Citation:Mostert, A.B. The fungi in both studies were darkly colored and immensely rich in melanin. It has been reported the use of melanin, a biopolymer with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, intrinsic photo-acoustic properties, binding ability to drugs, and chelating property to radioactive metal ions, as an efficient endogenous nanosystem for imaging-guided chemotherapy [152]. WebMAGICKAL HOODOO VOODOO HEALING SUPERFOODS. 4.37. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! They can grow in different culture systems (submerged and solid), and fermentation protocols have been established for large-scale industrial processes. 4.37. Studies have demonstrated that the promoting or repressing effect of a nitrogen source on pigment production is strain dependent. 6 (June 2008):890-99,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.020. In the Ascomycota fungi, melanin pigment is generally synthesized from the pentaketide pathway in which 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) is the immediate precursor of the polymer, as described by Bell and Wheeler [11] based on genetic and biochemical evidence obtained from Verticillium dahliae and W. dermatitidis [84, 85]. 4.37. A biosynthesis pathway for fungal DOPA-melanin, proposed by [11], is shown in Figure2, which strongly resembles the pathway found in mammalian cells, though some of the details may differ. This book is designed to familiarize the reader with Melanin and its chemical key to life and ALL living things, memory processes, ancient African history, sunlight, music, dancing, anti-aging, anti-cancer, religion, electromagnetism, and any other scientific and cultural parameters. Cracks in 100% nearly all topic of importance to you, like. Since melanin has characteristics of functional materials and bioorganic, a growing number of researchers see this pigment with great interest, taking advantage of their properties for numerous biotechnological applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, electronic, and food processing industries [12, 19, 35]. Melanin is a substance in the skin that produces skin pigmentation. The production of high amounts of extracellular melanin by the fungus Gliocephalotrichum simplex was obtained in cultures supplemented with tyrosine (2.5%) and peptone (1%) [64]. However, some species of this class, including Cladosporium resinae, Epicoccum nigrum, Hendersonula toruloidea, Eurotium echinulatum, Humicola grisea, and Hypoxylon archeri, do not produce this type of pigment [11, 28, 8688]. was evaluated in the presence of 10 different carbon sources, and the maximum mycelial growth was obtained with fructose, whereas the maximum pigment production was obtained with soluble starch [60]. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. This will allow me to plunge deep into my bag of information acquired over the years as well as the knowledge gained from film school to create videos full time. Feb 19, 2023. Access to Any Private Q&A Livestream With Me! Keywords fungi pigment melanin In Monascus ruber, it was observed that the highest levels of pigments production were obtained at an aeration rate of 0.05 L min1, which appeared to be clearly sufficient for providing the fungus with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide [57]. This turning pointfirst the hairlessness, then the expansion of the brainmay be directly traced back to melanin, exemplifying how paramount it is to our species resilience and survival. xanonymous These authors concluded that the cultivation in the total absence of light increased biomass and production of extracellular and intracellular pigments in all fungi. Melanin pigment extracted from several fungal species has shown the ability to scavenge free radicals (reactive nitrogen and oxygen species), becoming a potential natural antioxidant. As shown in Table1, some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin. Another study of the biocompatibility of melanin thin films demonstrated that the melanin film effectively supports the growth of undifferentiated stem cells and their differentiation into neuronal precursors and neurons [146]. This could have further increased brain development in the sheer size and complexity of neural circuits. The pigment production capability of fungal species belonging to the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Lecanicillium, and Fusarium was evaluated in different culture media, and the results showed that the complex media, as potato dextrose (PD) and malt extract (ME), favored increased pigment production [47]. It serves a wide range of additional physiological roles, including free radical scavenging, charge transfer, toxicant chelation, endocrine functions,16and gene protection. 24. This workis reproduced and distributedwith the permission of GreenMedInfo LLC. 306 ratings 30 reviews. In M. ruber, the use of glutamic acid as a nitrogen source showed promising results, either as stimulating the accumulation of extracellular pigments or contributing to increase the efficiency of the pigment production process [45]. The nontoxic and nonpathogenic natures, coupled with easy separation from cell biomass, are also preferred qualities. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Motohiro Takeda et al., Biophoton Detection as a Novel Techniquefor Cancer Imaging,Cancer Science95, no. WebGREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH PUBLIC OFFICIAL BONDS BOOK (POB) Public Official Bonds - Make Them Pay!!! Bull [89] identified dopachrome (indole 5,6-quinone 2-carboxylic acid) and melanochrome (indole 5,6-quinone), which are intermediates in the DOPA-melanin pathway, in A. nidulans mutants defective in the production of melanin. Melanin in cell walls of Basidiomycotina is derived from phenolic precursors, as glutaminyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzene (GDHB) or catechol. This pigment protects the conidia against digestion by proteases and hydrolases secreted by competitive microorganisms or against bactericidal and fungicidal proteins of animal origin, such as defensins, magainins, or protegrins [22]. Llaila O. Afrika. Microorganisms are also more feasible sources of pigments in comparison to pigments extracted from plants and animals because they do not have seasonal constraints, do not compete for limited farming land with actual foods, and can be produced easily in the cheap culture medium with high yields [16]. These results can be explained by melanin or other natural pigments present in the cell wall of these fungi that can act as the radiation receptor and/or as an energy transporter for metabolism. Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. In particular, it can be considered a promising material for sensors and photovoltaic devices, due to broadband spectral absorbance and charge transport properties [128]. These studies have shown that fungi can produce different types of melanins by oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds [11, 27]. The fungi grown under red light have no effect, and green or yellow light resulted in worsening effect in all the fungi, thus postulating the existence of photoreceptors responsive to dark and light in all the fungi. WebIn his book The Science & Myth of Melanin Dr. Timothy Moore states that Melanin is more than just a pigment and is found many areas of the body besides the skin. Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) Comparison of the catecholamines L-dopa, methyldopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine shows differences in term of color, yield, and thickness of the cell wall melanin layer. Want to read. The protective action of melanin is related to its high efficiency to absorb and scatter photons, particularly the higher-energy photons from the UV and blue part of the solar spectrum. Melanin, the central pigment within our skin, and distributed throughout our bodies, is one of the most interesting biomolecules identified thus far. I have summarised and bulletpointed his main points. Development of methods for producing melanin soluble in aqueous cosmetic buffers at physiological pH and temperature may make possible the use of this pigment as ingredients of face and hand creams, lotions, antiaging ointments, or foundation makeups, acting as a screen and antioxidant for the protection against photoinduced skin damages [149]. Amazon.com: Melanin Research Foundation: Books 1 result RESULTS Melanin: Energy from Light and the Soul's Ascent by Melanin Research Foundation | May 3, 2015 20 Kindle $399$6.12 Available instantly Paperback $612 FREE delivery Sat, Dec 10 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Need help? 1: the Great Oracle of Tehuti and the Egyptian System of Spiritual Cultivation by Ra Un Nefer Amen In literature, studies have confirmed that fungal melanin acts as metal chelators, enhancing the biomass-metal interaction and consequently its biosorption capacity [14]. Silver nanoparticles incorporated Yarrowia lipolytica melanin exhibited antimicrobial activity against the pathogen Salmonella paratyphi, and they were also effective at disrupting biofilms on polystyrene as well as glass surfaces [123]. Andrade, Helen F. Lisboa and Rita C. R. Gonalves, Factors influencing the melanin production. The biosynthetic pathway of the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-melanin in fungi. The albatross, for instance, is capable of traveling 10,000 miles in a single flight, a bioenergetic feat that has long baffled the scientific community. Sheng Meng and Efthimios Kaxiras. However, melanin has been observed to have other functions such as neuroprotection and energy production. - Except for Top Supporter Exclusive ContentAnd My Undying Gratitude!!! Experimental evidences indicate that the growth temperature influences the performance of the pigment production process, but this effect depends on the type of organism. 23. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! Melanin is a biological molecule associated with pigmentation in humans and animals. Another study reported that melanized fungus Armillaria adsorb high concentrations of cations from the surrounding environment; some ions (Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Pb) were 50100 times more concentrated on rhizomorphs than in soil [156]. Arturo S. Herrera et al., Beyond Mitochondria, What Would Be the Energy Source of the Cell?,Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry15, no. 21. WebMelanin: The Chemical Keys to Black Greatness (Vol. Whereas most other biomolecules experience a destructive form of oxidative damage as a result of radiation exposure, melanin remained structurally and functionally intact, appearing capable of producing a continuous electric current that could theoretically be used to produce metabolic energy in living systems. Large amounts of agro-industrial residues generated from diverse economic activities have attracted strong industry interest on the utilization of these residues as inexpensive substrates to support the growth of microorganisms in bioprocesses. Introductory Chapter: Melanin, a Versatile Guardia Department of Biochemistry and Technology Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, So Paulo State University, Araraquara, So Paulo, Brazil, Institute of Naturals and Exacts Sciences, UFMT, Mato Grosso Federal University, Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFES, Espirito Santo Federal University, Vitria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. This volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, meditation and ritual, oracles, deities, philosophical and psychological foundations, and consulting and interpreting the oracle. In general, glucose, an excellent carbon source for growth, interferes with the formation of many secondary metabolites, including pigments. It has been reported that substances acting as antioxidants protect cells from ROS-mediated DNA damage, which can result in mutation and subsequent carcinogenesis. Print length 103 pages Language English Publisher Lushena Books Publication date Scientists have identified three forms of melanin in humans: eumelanin. pheomelanin. Other groups have published various device architectures with applications such as memory (metal-insulator-semiconductor geometries) [131], batteries [132], and biomimetic interfaces [133]. Human hairlessness occurred concurrently with an augmentation in the melanin content of the skin, paving the way for a process called photomelanometabolism.19In what is known as ultrafast internal conversion, melanin can convert 99.9 percent of potentially gene-damaging ultraviolet light into harmless heat, fulfilling both sun blocking and energy-generating functions.20. The variation in human skin from dark, melanin-saturated African skin to light, relatively melanin-depigmented Caucasianskin may merely be a direct by-product of our last common ancestor from Africa migrating toward sunlight-impoverished higher latitudes 60,000 years ago. Some studies suggest the possible use of melanin-coated nanoparticles in medicine, mainly for protecting patients against the harmful effects of gamma rays during radioimmunotherapy [34, 151]. WebMelanin: The Chemical Keys to Black Greatness (Vol. Bettinger et al. A state of the art facility which uses disciplined scholarship to ascertain objective knowledge regarding melanin and maintain a database of such knowledge would help to expand the awareness of melanin and its actual characteristics. Therefore, the pigmented biomass of the MEL1 mutant may be considered as a promising biosorbents for removal/recovery of the rare earth elements from wastewater due to the presence of the melanin increase significantly metal complexing capacity, improving the efficiency of biosorption process [157]. These authors also studied the culture of C. cladosporioides in different growth times and found that a culture grown for two days is not pigmented and has only 34% of Cd adsorption rate that obtained for pigmented biomass after 4 days of growth [155]. In a recent study, our group characterized the pigment produced by A. nidulans mutants as DOPA-melanin according to the results obtained with specific inhibitors of DHN- and DOPA-melanin pathways [93]. Genres History. (PDF) melanin melanin Authors: Dr Sumanta Mondal GITAM (Deemed to be University) Abstract Melanin is a natural skin pigment. Silver nanostructures synthesized with melanin derived from Y. lipolytica displayed excellent antifungal activity against an Aspergillus sp. WebThe book features nearly all unknown secrets. 1 (2015): 32-41,https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524915666150203093656. There are 5 things that the Pineal gland is responsible for: Inner Eye WebFor those important aspects of pigment cell research that do not fall entirely within the scope of the study, such as human cutaneous melanoma or non-cutaneous melanogenesis, and for a more detailed discussion of melanins, melanogenesis, and their applications, the readers are referred to a number of reviews (e.g. on the Internet. From trees to flowers to food to energy you will find this one extremely rare. Researches have also shown that some fungal melanin exhibits immunomodulatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in T lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as fibroblasts and endothelial cells [12, 110, 111]. Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. About the author. The development of these higher cognitive processes allowed for the materialization of sophisticated technologies, the agrarian revolution, hierarchical social structure, and advanced human civilizations. Deposition of homogeneous melanin layers for optoelectronics application is an issue of considerable technological relevance. The results showed that the viability of mouse macrophages remained greater than 90% when these cells were treated with a high melanin concentration (100 g/mL), indicating that this pigment has low cytotoxicity [32]. web pages A study performed with melanin nanoparticles as biocompatible drug nanocarriers, using metronidazole (antibiotic drug), showed that melanin could be a very interesting nanocarrier drug release device because it strongly responds to pH, being a very interesting feature for the treatment of intestine and colon diseases, which would greatly benefit with pH targeting [142]. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. WebThis volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, Keywords fungi pigment melanin Since melanin has a stable free radical population, it is thought that the radioprotective properties of this pigment result from a combination of physical shielding and quenching of cytotoxic free radicals generated by radiation [18]. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. Geoffrey Goodman and Dani Bercovich, Melanin Directly Converts Light for Vertebrate Metabolic Use: Heuristic Thoughts on Birds, Icarus and Dark Human Skin,Medical Hypotheses71, no. The resolution to this energy paradox might be found in the discovery that melanin has the intrinsic ability to transform light energy into chemical energy through the hydrolysis of the water molecule, a function formerly consigned to the domain of the plant kingdom. After 13 days, all the mice in the control group had died, and the mice that ate the nonmelaninized porcini mushrooms died almost as fast as the controls. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! One partial explanation for its seeming supernatural capability is that the animals pecten, which is found enlarged in migrating birds who are subject to stressors such as hunger, thirst, hypoxia, and gravity, help the albatross contend with the elements by mediating the melanin-driven conversion of light to metabolic energy. In addition, this pigment has a considerable interest biotechnological because it can be produced on a large scale with low cost, making its use for future practical applications economically advantageous. The use of corn cob powder as a substrate for production of pigments by M. purpureus resulted in greater pigment production [68] than other substrates, as jackfruit seed [69], corn steep liquor [70], and grape waste [71]. Addeddate 2018-06-15 13:47:24 Identifier MelaninWhatMakesBlackPeopleBlackByLlailaAfrikaPDF Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t6zw89t9z Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) It absorbs all visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, hence its dark coloration, and, most notably, converts and dissipates potentially harmful ultraviolet radiation into heat. 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