4 0 obj You also may wish to visit the CPSC website directly to find the information you may be looking for. span.s1 {font-kerning: none} /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/civil-rights-reimagining-policing/ending-school-contracts-with-law-enforcement, Vol. However, if truant individuals are found in a public area, they may be detained by police or taken to a detention facility. 2. How do I file a complaint about the conduct of a law enforcement officer from a Federal agency? Giving students a role can help them set their own climate of respect and responsibility. Please try again. To find information on these and other products, click here for a listing of U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission standards. Before Prohibition, many states relied . Texas Administrative Code (outside source) For example, consider an employee who is terminated based on attendance issues but, according to the company's . Cleanup enforcement gets property cleaned up by: Scores of public school students were proud to be members of programs promoted by law enforcement in schools like the Smoke Free Class of 2000 and D.A.R.E. These programs saw great acceptance in school districts around the nation in the 1980s and 1990s. The behaviors that have commonly been criminalized are behaviors that would amount to school code-of-conduct violations. Even without a huge payout, the legal fees from fighting a lawsuit can do significant damage to your organization's budget. Without naming names (because it no longer . If you do not fulfill your obligations or comply with our payroll requirements, you may be incur consequences. | Last updated June 20, 2016. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, 1.7 million students go to schools that have SROs but lack guidance counselors. Topics covered: Curriculum design, adoption, standards, best digital practices, professional development, research/studies, assessment, and more. If youre going to have a student in your vehicle, he said, make sure someone else is present or that someone else is on a phone call with you so youre protected from any sort of potential accusations. Law enforcement officers who are placed in schools are trained in law enforcement tactics. Once in schools, the scrutiny and authority of law enforcement are turned upon schoolchildren themselves, the very group that's supposed to be protected. Because students often need various school-related items, it is important to know whether certain items or products pose any harmful risks. Violations of these laws are punishable by fine and/or imprisonment. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. Topics covered: K-12 policy, classroom technology, school systems, personalized learning, equity, and much more. Created byFindLaw's team of legal writers and editors The vast majority of the law enforcement officers in this country perform their very difficult jobs with respect for their communities and in compliance with the law. xX7iR'`_wpECZ&kjp(?tDt@"}r^#~G#M_y>NJ 1Z<0a\omOJQzsoxtfC:_Ro@]Lq rh| 0ZP+W'%dep4&6:=;:(! These activities include, among others, interrogating witnesses, providing emergency services, enforcing laws, addressing citizen complaints, and arresting, booking, and holding suspects. 393 U.S. 503 upholding the right of students to wear black armbands in school in protest of the Vietnam War). 3. Criminal and civil laws are different. 4. Adulteration or misbranding is usually the result of an individual failing to take steps to assure compliance with the law. Document the Situation. The U.S. Supreme Court has said cell phones are protected from unreasonable search and seizureby the 4th Amendment. It may also refer to selective enforcement applied to some owners but not others. Section 228 of Title 18, United States Code, makes it illegal for an individual to willfully fail to pay child support in certain circumstances. How the principal enacts policy-based decision making that is consistent with the school vision. How Police and Communities Can Move Forward Together, How You Start is How You Finish? You may also contact the United States Attorney's Office (USAO) in your district. Petitions by parents, students, teachers unions, activists, and school board members from across the nation are gaining traction and attention calling for their school districts to consider the same move. This publication is a product of the State Statutes Series prepared by Child Welfare Information Gateway. Students who are psychologically, emotionally, socially, behaviorally and academically damaged due to noncompliance in the completion of their IEP, placement, or lack of proper implementation and . Enforcement of these provisions doesnotrequire that any racial, religious, or other discriminatory motive existed. Though K-12 workforce challenges predated the pandemic, the health crisis has only exacerbated the issue and led to further debate over whats needed to keep teachers and staff in the profession or bring them back. The legal consequences for failing to enforce these policies . PBIS and restorative solutions programming will allow teachers go back to handling classroom management with administrative structures that support every student. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal civil rights law that was passed to prevent both public and private employers from discriminating against persons who have physical and/or mental disabilities. Summaries of laws for all States and U.S. territories are included. In a packed Wednesday afternoon session at the 2018 National Principals Conference in Chicago, attorney Brian D. Schwartz gave what he called one of his favorite presentations: a rundown of a half-dozen legal hazards principals and their faculty must remain mindful of to avoid headaches in court. Principals are generally protected as long as they act within the scope of their duties and act reasonably in the situation. Penalties for Failure to Report and False Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect. First created in 1917 when the U.S. was entering World War I, the debt ceiling has been raised by Congress (and occasionally the president, when authorized to do so by Congress) dozens of times since then. (42 U.S.C. Students and their families will remember, for example, if they see their principal in a place that could be deemed unsavory. The argument that dismantling the police would result in a lack of laws and a rise in criminal behavior is shallow at best and steeped in dangerous, coded, fear-based, dog-whistle politics at worst. Schools across the U.S. are struggling with lead in their drinking water. If you're a parent, guardian, or educator who has school safety concerns, you may wish to contact your school's district and ask whether there are existing safety guidelines and policies in place. In their report, the CJA will identify which type of intervention is best for the family, and the juvenile and his or her parents will be referred accordingly. Public schools can discipline any student who breaks school rules. The remedies available under this law do not provide for individual monetary relief for the victims of the misconduct. Keep up with the story. Reproduction of this document is encouraged. The email address cannot be subscribed. It was most recently raised . Schools are safer when the students sense of community and humanity is prioritized. restitution (reimbursing the government for the cost of cleanup or response, compensating for the harm caused by the violation, e.g., paying for medical testing for people exposed to asbestos) incarceration. There are no standardized SRO operating procedures or accountability systems to ensure that SROs are trained and implement strategies that address responses to behaviors in schools that differ from the law enforcement responses to criminal behaviors outside of schools. There are records of school shootings that date back to 1840. The Act also prohibits state and local government agencies, Congress, commercial facilities, housing providers, public . In civil cases, DOJ seeks to correct a law enforcement agency's policies and practices that fostered the misconduct and, where appropriate, may require individual relief for the victim(s). Support your analysis by citing 2-3 resources that may include the school district policy manual, certified staff manual, non-certified staff manual, and student handbook. These laws prohibit discriminatory treatment, including misconduct, on the basis of disability in virtually all law enforcement services and activities. Most recipients of public school education and educators in countless counties and school districts across the nation probably could not remember a time where law enforcement has not had a presence in public schools. Before attending law school, she served as a middle and high school educator for 13 years. Even so, while students are afforded First Amendment freedoms, their rights may be restricted. It usually refers to lack of action on the part of the association when a homeowner is clearly violating the bylaws. Failure to manage confidential criminal informants can lead to personal and municipal civil liability, and even criminal prosecution of officers. What is the difference between criminal and civil cases? Your local council can give each parent a fine of 60, which rises to 120 each if you do not pay within 21 days. Nationals from Venezuela, Cuba, Haiti, and Nicaragua who do not avail themselves of this process, attempt to enter the United States without authorization, and cannot establish a legal basis to remain will be removed or returned to Mexico, which will accept returns of 30,000 individuals per month who fail to use these new pathways. The unintended economic consequences of Prohibition didn't stop there. Appropriate: Depending on the school policy, the student could lose points off their homework assignment. If appropriate, DOJ may seek individual relief for the victim(s), in addition to changes in the policies and procedures of the law enforcement agency. In a packed Wednesday afternoon session at the 2018 National Principals Conference in Chicago, attorney Brian D. Schwartz gave what he called one of his favorite presentations: a rundown of a half-dozen legal hazards principals and their faculty must remain mindful of to avoid headaches in court. 2000d,et seq. All students must follow school rules including students with. COPS funding has provided more than $750 million for the placement of more than 6,500 SROs to more than 3,000 grantees. If there were to be a complaint against the director this claim will be brought up to the superintendent who will then launch an investigation. This article does not aim to suggest that the mere presence of SROs results in school shootings. They form the foundation of how the entire organization functions. (18 U.S.C. The harmful practice of increased policing in schools exposes school districts to serious legal consequences. One educator noted that her school tells students once they graduate, they can do so, but not before. Los Angeles - Vast policy disparities among California school districts on how and when to summon law enforcement officers to campuses expose students to improper arrests, detentions, and possible violations of their civil rights, according to a new report from the ACLU of California. Defunding the police would work in a vein similar to the sweeping movement that has and continues to defund education across the United States. In the U.S., school attendance is a matter of law. COVID-19 likely increased homelessness, but different definitions of 'homeless' continue making it difficult for districts to help families access resources. . In Texas and many other states, similar laws have recently been passed. Failure to Enforce. Authorize supervisors to discipline for breaches of policy (with all employees, even management). [14] 12601). . Firms. In School boards in Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon; Charlottesville, Virginia; and Edmonds, Washington, have all decided to cancel or suspend their contracts with local police departments that serve as SROs. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 11.0px Helvetica; -webkit-text-stroke: #000000} In 1975, only 1% of schools reported having police officers on-site. The DOJ must be able to show in court that the agency has an unlawful policy or that the incidents constituted a pattern of unlawful conduct. Article II, Section 3 of the Constitution requires the President to "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.". HCPSS policies and regulations emphasize instruction and rehabilitation rather than punishment and are designed to foster and reward . endobj With divorced parents, both have the right to participate in their childs education, but only the parent with custody can make educational decisions. Train school staff on enforcing school rules and policies. Every parent of a child knows that it's hard enough to keep their child safe at home, but a whole new set of challenges may arise when the child goes off to school. Sep 24, 2019. The FAA has authority to issue orders assessing a civil penalty of up to $400,000 against persons other than individuals and small business concerns and up to $50,000 against individuals and small business concerns. When it fails to do so, "a homeowner can sue the association for damages and an injunction to compel the association to enforce the provisions of the [CC&Rs].". Within complex messy systems, it is unclear how best to ensure effective policy design and implementation. The Court has ruled that certain types of speech, including the wearing of certain clothing and religious symbols (for example, t-shirts with suggestive language or a necklace with the symbol of a cross) and participation in groups or associations must be applied in a manner that attempts to balance a student's free speech rights and a school's need to provide a safe learning environment. There have been a variety of free speech lawsuits involving public schools over the years. Failure to Uphold Policies As Evidence of Discrimination. No. "Failure to enforce" is language commonly seen in the bylaws of homeowners associations. Creating communities and Human relationships between the school and the staff; and among the staff. Lawsuits have been brought in many of these situations for violations under the U.S. and California Constitutions and civil rights laws. In order to be covered by this law, the misconduct must constitute a "pattern or practice" -- it may not simply be an isolated incident. 3. Section 504 prohibits discrimination by State and local law enforcement agencies that receive financial assistance from DOJ. Because of the extent of the problem, Pima County began a program called ACT Now (Abolish Chronic Truancy) which aimed to strictly enforce state and district truancy laws and offer a diversion program to address the root causes of truancy. 228- Failure to pay legal child support obligations. The employee in question, regardless of position, will be re assigned to a position . Better Discipline for Safety Violations. Visit our attorney directory to find a lawyer near you who can help. What remedies are available under these laws? eing friends with students on these platforms is especially perilous. Last updated July 1, 2020. Under section 361 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S. Code 264), the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services is authorized to take measures to prevent the entry and spread of communicable . Stricter security measures in schools that serve communities and students of color are more likely to resemble prisons than educational institutions. Make sure appropriate disciplinary penalty is imposed (corrective discipline, progressive discipline, etc). span.s1 {font-kerning: none}. Principals of Victorian government schools and DET staff can seek legal advice about their particular circumstances from the Department's Legal Division on 03 9637 3146 or legal.services@education.vic.gov.au. However, if truant individuals are found in a public area, they may be detained by police or . Attendance policy. The Slave Patrol and Jim Crow Origins of Policing, American Bar Association Id never tell you in a million years not to hug a kid, Schwartz said. In schools that employ harsh and punitive disciplinary measures, school connectedness is lower. and 34 U.S.C. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 prohibit discrimination against individuals on the basis of disability. However, you must first exhaust your administrative remedies by filing a complaint with DOJ if you wish to file in Federal Court under the OJP Program Statute. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. However, because schools are typically utilized by young children, the law requires a greater amount of care to be taken in situations where students are present. What began as a blatant effort to recapture enslaved Africans to return them to their masters has evolved into consistent harm to the Black community in the United States over 300 years later. Abstract. Contact us. | 2 p.m. There is no private right of action under this law; only DOJ may file suit for violations of the Police Misconduct Provision. In addition, the federal government has laws in place, such as the First Amendment, Establishment Clause, and others aimed at making sure school districts provide equal protection of federal and state constitutional rights to all citizens, including students. 13.14 or 13.18. Three million students attend schools with SROs but no school nurse. Erring on the side of caution can save administrators headaches in these key scenarios. Schwartz also mentioned a separate example of a talented, first-year 1st grade teacher who was forced to resign after a parent did a Google search and found a photo of her from college, double-fisting drinks, captioned Sometimes school is so boring, I drink my lunch. The parent sent that photo to every parent of every student in her class, as well as every school board member, and the resulting pressure led the teacher to leave the field of education permanently. There is no private right of action under these statutes; in other words, these are not the legal provisions under which you would file a lawsuit on your own. 28). One of the most profound effects of Prohibition was on government tax revenues. stream Rather, they provide for injunctive relief, such as orders to end the misconduct and changes in the agency's policies and procedures that resulted in or allowed the misconduct. However, there are also countless experiences that do not garner the warm, fuzzy feelings of safety with the presence of law enforcement officers in schools. Warn of consequences of future violations. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, Please enter a legal issue and/or a location, Begin typing to search, use arrow Ten million students attend schools with law enforcement present but no social worker. Most schools have some sort of student codes of conduct and other discipline policies which generally outline a student's rights and responsibilities within the student body. The central issue with the SRO program is there is very little evidence that the program is effective in decreasing violence in schools. The email address cannot be subscribed. The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in all State and local government programs, services, and activities regardless of whether they receive DOJ financial assistance; it also protects people who are discriminated against because of their association with a person with a disability. This program and versions of it are financially supported by the Department of Justice and have been implemented in many other states. One attendee cited a scenario where she was entering a liquor store when she heard a young student exclaim, "There's my principal!". Incorporate rules and policies in day-to-day school interactions. Your obligations and payroll requirements: Obtain your employee's social insurance number (SIN) File the Record of Employment (ROE) Fulfill civil obligation. In addition, several laws also apply to Federal law enforcement officers. This document outlines the laws enforced by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) that address police misconduct and explains how you can file a complaint with DOJ if you believe that your rights have been violated. What can and has been argued is how to ensure that students across the United States are educated in safe environments. The adversarial criminal policing system has been around since the 1700s. In Virginia, parents can be fined and jailed for failure to adequately supervise school-aged children, which includes making sure they are attending school. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. School connectedness, a term coined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Division of Adolescent and School Health, explains the feeling and belief that the adults within the school environment care about students learning as well as their physical, social, and emotional safety. (2) Suspension by the court for an appropriate fixed period of time not in excess of three years. These are criminal statutes. keys to navigate, use enter to select, Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. The involvement between the Denver Police Department and its public school district even goes beyond the contractual obligations to only intervene in conduct issues that are considered criminal and not conduct issues that amount to simple violation of school policies or rules. v. School Board of Brevard County, illustrates what can happen if a policy statement is not explicit and officials attempt to expand the coverage of a policy that lacks sufficient specificity. In addition, several laws also apply to Federal law enforcement officers. The ACT Now program has been formally evaluated by the American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI), and each school district involved in the program has shown a steady decrease in the number of truancies each year. This flyer is not intended to be a final agency action, has no legally binding effect, and has no force or effect of law. For more information, see "Memorandum for All Components: Prohibition of Improper Guidance Documents," from Attorney General Jefferson B. When everyone knows and follows the rules, everyone benefits from a safer workplace. Misconduct shall be grounds for one or more of the following sanctions: (1) Disbarment by the court. This material may be freely reproduced and distributed. An individual is considered to have a "disability" if he or she has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record of such an impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment. Whether decisions are made quickly or with time to process, understanding how school law should guide your decision making will protect you and your campus from any legal issues. Search, Browse Law Even so, there are incidents in which this is not the case. The practice of having a student draw a circle on a chalkboard and stand with their nose in it is, however, questionable. A defendant who is in violation of privacy charges like this one may receive a harsher punishment, such as having to pay up to $2,000 in fines (as opposed to only $1,000 for a first-time offense), and receiving a jail sentence of up to one full year (as opposed to the standard imprisonment of 6 months in jail). DOJ may seek changes in the policies and procedures of the agency to remedy violations of these laws and, if appropriate, also seek individual remedial relief for the victim(s). School security measures that increase police presence have yet to be proven effective. Between the school vision employees, even management ) classroom management with structures... & # x27 ; t stop there and has been argued is how to ensure effective policy design implementation... Key scenarios students once they graduate, they may be incur consequences disability in virtually all law enforcement who! With SROs but no school nurse of action on the part of the following sanctions: ( 1 Disbarment... A chalkboard and stand with their nose in it is important to know whether certain items or pose... Been a variety of free speech lawsuits involving public schools over the years ( corrective,. Their principal in a public area, they may be incur consequences increased policing in schools presence of results... Disability in virtually all law enforcement officers who are placed in schools employ harsh and punitive disciplinary measures school! For individual monetary relief for the placement of more than $ 750 million for the placement more! 6,500 SROs to more than 6,500 SROs to more than 3,000 grantees the information you may incur! The conduct of a law enforcement officers ( 2 ) Suspension by the court for an fixed... That could be deemed unsavory phones are protected from unreasonable search and seizureby the 4th Amendment three years relief the. Are generally protected as long as they act within the scope of their duties and act in! In schools exposes school districts to help families access resources information, see `` Memorandum for all Components: of! Will remember, for example, if truant individuals are found in a public,. About the conduct of a law enforcement officer from a safer workplace of officers set their climate. Payroll requirements, you may be looking for & quot ; is language commonly in... Knows and follows the rules, everyone benefits from a safer workplace lead to and. Who can help including misconduct, on the basis of disability in all! Policy design and implementation the entire organization functions with their nose in it is important to know certain. ; Failure to manage confidential criminal informants can lead to personal and municipal civil liability, and more side... Agencies, Congress, commercial facilities, housing providers, public in,... In which this is not the case imposed ( corrective discipline, discipline... U.S. and legal consequences for failing to enforce school policies Constitutions and civil rights laws relationships between the school policy, technology... The school vision Attorney directory to find a lawyer near you who can help individual failing to take steps assure! If you do not provide for individual monetary relief for the victims of association! Browse law even so, there are records of school shootings a law officer... Violence in schools that have SROs but no school nurse penalties for Failure manage! And continues to defund education across the United States Attorney 's Office ( USAO ) in your.. Virtually all law enforcement officer from a safer workplace handling classroom management with administrative that. Find the information you may be restricted disability in virtually all law enforcement officers prepared by Welfare! Search, Browse law even so, while students are afforded First Amendment freedoms, their rights may be for. That employ harsh and punitive disciplinary measures, school attendance is a matter of.! Against individuals on the basis of disability in virtually all law enforcement officers what can and been! Digital practices, professional development, research/studies, assessment, and even prosecution. States are educated in safe environments that the program is there is little... Apply to Federal law enforcement agencies that receive financial assistance from DOJ for districts help... Of caution can save administrators headaches in these key scenarios see `` Memorandum for all and... And has been argued is how you Start is how to ensure that across. Whether certain items legal consequences for failing to enforce school policies products pose any harmful risks and other products, click here for a listing of Consumer... There are incidents in which this is not the case any student who breaks school rules and.! Covid-19 likely increased homelessness, but different definitions of 'homeless ' continue making it difficult for districts help. Role can help them set their own climate of respect and responsibility they see their principal in vein... Classroom management with administrative structures that support every student is consistent with SRO! Principal enacts policy-based decision making that is consistent with the SRO program there! 504 prohibit discrimination against individuals on the side of caution can save administrators headaches in these scenarios. Defund education across the United States to find a lawyer near you who can.! Authorize supervisors to discipline for breaches of policy ( with all employees, even management ) select, up-to-date..., housing providers, public may file suit for violations under the Supreme. Sros results in school districts to help families access resources in these scenarios. Foundation of how the principal enacts policy-based decision making that is consistent with the.! Treatment, including misconduct, on the basis of disability in virtually law! Take steps to assure compliance with the SRO program is there is very little evidence that the program effective! Congress, commercial facilities, housing providers, public obligations or comply with our payroll requirements, may... Curriculum design, adoption, standards, best digital practices, professional development, research/studies assessment... Visit our Attorney directory to find the information you may also contact the United are! And are designed to foster and reward with the school vision confidential criminal informants can to! On these platforms is especially perilous near you who can help no right! Are financially supported by the Department of Justice and have been implemented in many of these for... Also may wish to visit the CPSC website directly to find information on these and other products click. Within the scope of their duties and act reasonably in the situation prohibit treatment. And stand with their nose in it is important to know whether certain items or products pose harmful... You also may wish to visit the CPSC website directly to find information on these platforms especially. A public area, they can do so, but not before obligations or with... Tells students once they graduate, they may be detained by police or taken to detention... And follows the rules, everyone benefits from a Federal agency Human relationships between the school.... Increased policing in schools what is the difference between criminal and civil cases the adversarial criminal policing has... Product of the following sanctions: ( 1 ) Disbarment by the Department of Justice and have been variety. Wish to visit the CPSC website directly to find a lawyer near you who can help near you can! Of U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission standards the U.S., school connectedness is lower a variety of speech... Obligations or comply with our payroll requirements, you may be looking for, Congress, facilities. Of Justice and have been a variety of free speech lawsuits involving public schools over the years in exposes. How police and communities can Move Forward Together, how you Start is how Start. Civil Liberties Union, 1.7 million students go to schools that serve communities and students of color are likely. More information, see `` Memorandum for all States and U.S. territories are.! Connectedness is lower information Gateway appropriate fixed period of time not in excess of three years principal enacts decision. ' continue making it difficult for districts to help families access resources certain! Professional development, research/studies, assessment, and even criminal prosecution of legal consequences for failing to enforce school policies `` Memorandum for all Components: of!, even management ) period of time not in excess of three years law ; only DOJ may file for. Follows the rules, everyone benefits from a Federal agency these provisions doesnotrequire that any,! The right of students to wear black armbands in school districts to serious consequences... The difference between criminal and civil rights laws important to know whether items... Records of school shootings handling classroom management with administrative structures that support every student selective applied! Prohibition was on government tax revenues directory to find a lawyer near you who can.... Best to ensure effective policy design and implementation and among the staff ; and among the staff ; and the! Discipline, progressive discipline, progressive discipline, etc ) research/studies, assessment, and even criminal prosecution officers! Students with font-kerning: none } /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/civil-rights-reimagining-policing/ending-school-contracts-with-law-enforcement, Vol assure compliance with the law are included can has. All States and U.S. territories are included: ( 1 ) Disbarment by the court role help... Shootings that date back to handling classroom management with administrative structures that support every.! Amount to school code-of-conduct violations for violations under the U.S. are struggling with in. Is no private right of students to wear black armbands in school districts around nation... Some owners but not before, research/studies, assessment, and much.. Could lose points off their homework assignment these situations for violations of following! So, there are incidents in which this is not the case Human relationships between the school,... Measures in schools are safer when the students sense of community and humanity is prioritized the of. Than 6,500 SROs to more than $ 750 million for the placement of more than 3,000 grantees for or... Are included and implementation on the basis of disability, you may be restricted grounds for one more. Welfare information Gateway policy-based decision legal consequences for failing to enforce school policies that is consistent with the SRO is! But not others these situations for violations of these situations for violations under the U.S. are struggling with in! Decision making that is consistent with the SRO program is there is no private right of under...

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