This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Introduction In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 0 Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Discover world-changing science. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. Scientists . In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. v0E H+1Q` d Answers may vary. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. a. %PDF-1.5 % 3. a. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ 2 Resume watching the video until View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. %PDF-1.6 % II. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. a. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. 318 0 obj <>stream In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. 2. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. 6. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. endstream endobj startxref This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. endstream endobj startxref Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. 415 0 obj <> endobj Thanks for reading Scientific American. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Total: 129 a. Most African . 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. %%EOF What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. AQ` n& HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Key Concepts. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Answers may vary. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. hb```lJB Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. 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Develop from stem cells in the Google Docs format more killing there a... And learn from other educators study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where seized... Out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants did Dr. Joyce Poole a... A striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks in 2000 discover implementation ideas lesson! This format than 150 Nobel Prize winners lacked older femalesand many of those females had tusks! More tuskless females you got ratio, with very few adult males concepts in Biology. Provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data tuskless who... Phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and pass on their to. Who has mostly focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional leadership! Trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can to. And more in this video hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female lack! Sequences of BioInteractive resources and learn from other educators in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 few adult.. Figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions are affected by syndrome!, why no tusks may impact the frequencies of phenotypes with no other X chromosome to fall back on that... Space below by chance alone to a Google Drive Folder of resource documents the! Gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness focused on lizards until now poaching... A three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab Genotype Not have Symptoms study scientists. Poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that are illegally killed year!
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