They can find where the holders of fixed investments have. We reply that when we advocate a thing which we believe will be successful we are not compelled to raise a doubt as to our own sincerity by trying to show what we will do if we are wrong. W.J. I had never had such an opportunity before in my life and never expect to have again. He does use the word gold in a religious allusion, but it's given quite a different meaning. If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we will fight them to the uttermost. Advocates of the gold standard attributed the decline to advances in production and transportation. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. TABLE 7 Comparative Analysis of Two Theoretical Explanations of Personality . "[80], It took about 25minutes to restore order, and according to Bensel, "somewhere in the mass demonstration that was convulsing the convention hall, the transfer of sentiment from silver as a policy to Bryan as a presidential candidate took place". I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. [87] The pro-silver Cleveland Plain Dealer called Bryan's speech "an eloquent, stirring, and manly appeal". The President's move was opposed by the Democratic Governor of Illinois, John Altgeld. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. Nevertheless, Senator John W. Daniel of Virginia was by an overwhelming vote elected temporary chairman, and a Committee on Credentials was appointed that seated Bryan and his contesting Nebraska delegation.[47]. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. He says that he wants this country to try to secure an international agreement. Subscribe 84K views 7 years ago This is a speech from Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan, which he originally delivered in 1896. An 1896 cartoon of William Jennings Bryan supporting "Free Silver." What exactly did he mean that money did not need to be "backed" by gold? Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. If they ask us here why it is we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that if protection has slain its thousands the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands. The audio portion is an excerpt. His subsequent canvass [campaign] for the United States senatorship in Nebraska was noteworthy and conspicuous on many accounts. [Note on the recording: In 1896 recording technology was in its infancy, and recording a political convention would have been impossible. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.[15]. 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Bryan traveled 18,000 miles by train to give over 600 speeches (36 in one day) to about five million people. Ah. [79] Others took up the standards with the state names on them with each delegation, and planted them by Nebraska's. I want to suggest this truth, that if the gold standard is a good thing we ought to declare in favor of its retention and not in favor of abandoning it; and if the gold standard is a bad thing, why should we wait until some other nations are willing to help us to let it go? There are those who believe that if you just legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, that their prosperity will leak through on those below. The man who is employed for wages is as much a business man as his employer; the attorney in a country town is as much a business man as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis; the merchant at the cross-roads store is as much a business man as the merchant of New York; the farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, who begins in spring and toils all summer, and who by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of the country creates wealth, is as much a business man as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain; the miners who go down a thousand feet into the earth, or climb two thousand feet upon the cliffs, and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured into the channels of trade are as much business men as the few financial magnates who, in a back room, corner the money of the world. Pro-silver forces, with congressional leaders such as Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland, sought the passage of bills to allow depositors of silver bullion to receive it back in the form of coin. The Akron Journal and Republican, no friend to Bryan, opined that "never probably has a national convention been swayed or influenced by a single speech as was the national Democratic convention". His speech, delivered at the close of the debate on the party platform, electrified the convention and is generally credited with earning him the nomination for president. The Democratic Party wanted to create more upward mobility for people. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. [25] Bryan biographer Paulo E. Coletta wrote, "during this year [July 1894 June 1895] of calamities, disintegration and revolution, each crisis aided Bryan because it caused division within his party and permitted him to contest for its mastery as it slipped from Cleveland's fingers. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. We defy them! Why, as individuals we might have been glad to compliment the gentleman from New York [Senator Hill], but we knew that the people for whom we speak would never be willing to put him in a position where he could thwart the will of the Democratic Party. [32], The 1896 Democratic convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896. ; William Jennings Bryan was a leading member of the Democratic party who ran for President several times. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. Known as an orator even then, Bryan had not always favored free silver out of conviction, stating in 1892 that he was for it because the people of Nebraska were for it. He was defeated in the general election by the Republican candidate, former Ohio governor William McKinley . Bryan continued with language evoking the Civil War, telling his audience that "in this contest brother has been arrayed against brother, father against son. Bryan, once seated, was Nebraska's representative to the Committee on Resolutions (generally called the "platform committee"), which allocated 80minutes to each side in the debate and selected Bryan as one of the speakers. If they ask us why we did not embody all these things in our platform which we believe, we reply to them that when we have restored the money of the Constitution, all other necessary reforms will be possible, and that until that is done there is no reform that can be accomplished. "[26], In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. When I find a man who is not willing to pay his share of the burden of the government which protects him, I find a man who is unworthy to enjoy the blessings of a government like ours. . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. However, he lost the general election to William McKinley, and the United States formally adopted the gold standard in 1900. [64] According to Bensel, the self-deprecation helped disarm the delegates. Bryan, an advocate for free silver made a speech at the Democratic National Convention which became known as the "Cross of Gold" in his speech he spoke against the gold standard and for silver to be back as a monetary standard. [59] According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, "Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell themand the gold menwhy they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. There are two ideas of government. Co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook, Inc.) Co-founder and co-CEO of Chan Zuckerberg Initiative . Bryan's speeches evolved over time; in December 1894, in a speech in Congress, he first used a phrase from which would come the conclusion to his most famous address: as originally stated, it was "I will not help to crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. W.J. If the gold standard is the standard of civilization, why, my friends, should we not have it? However, the senator wanted 50 minutes to speak, too long for a closing address, and at Bryan's request agreed to open the debate instead. It is because no private character, however pure, no personal popularity, however great, can protect from the avenging wrath of an indignant people the man who will either declare that he is in favor of fastening the gold standard upon this people, or who is willing to surrender the right of self-government and place legislative control in the hands of foreign potentates and powers. [3], In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. I ask him, if he will apply his logic to us, why he does not apply it to himself. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. The "Cross Of Gold" speech was a speech by William which helped propel the convention to nominate him as a Democratic presidential candidate. [63], I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons. [75] The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. Bryan had a distinguished and active political career, supporting workers' rights and women's suffrage while opposing monopolies and teaching evolution in schools. However, he stated, facing towards the gold delegates, "when you come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your course. Mark Zuckerberg - Zuckerberg in April 2019. He also proposed the establishment of a mint, at which citizens could present gold or silver, and receive it back, struck into money. [46] However, Barnes deemed the actions by the committee immaterial to the outcome due to the silver strength in the convention: Anyone who doubts the power the silverites were ready to unleash in a disciplined and irresistible attack needs only to read the results of the election of temporary chairman. The humblest citizen in all the land when clad in the armor of a righteous cause is stronger than all the whole hosts of error that they can bring. [7] This would inflate the money supply, and, adherents argued, increase the nation's prosperity. It also repealed the statutory provisions allowing silver bullion to be presented to the Mint and returned in the form of circulating money. time before some commentator alludes to William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech at the 1896 Democratic convention as the leading example of an orator's ability to sway listeners. Why? For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Handout 4: Cross of Gold Speech, one copy for each student Handout 4: Cross of Gold SpeechTeacher Answer Key Handout 5: Assessment, one copy for each student Five signs on large sheets of paper or cardstock with one of the following written on each: Inflation, Deflation, Gold Notes, Silver Notes, and Greenbacks. William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925), the U.S. congressman from Nebraska, three-time presidential nominee and secretary of state, emerged near the end of the 19th century as a leading voice . The BlandAllison Act was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28, 1878. [27] The leader of those who left was Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller; he was immediately spoken of as a possible candidate for the Democratic nomination. Source 1 Political Cartoon "Swallowed" from Puck Magazine Source 2 Cross of Gold Political Cartoon Source 3 Photograph of a sod house Source 4 Political Cartoon, "The Grange . Historian Stanley Jones, in his study of the 1896 election, suggests that western Democrats would have opposed Cleveland even if the party had held its congressional majority in 1894; with the disastrous defeat, they believed the party would be wiped out in the West if it did not support silver. [93] The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. As he traveled by rail to Lincoln, he saw farmers and others standing by the tracks, hoping for a glimpse of the new Democratic nominee. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of his original speech. Mr. Jefferson, who was once regarded as good Democratic authority, seems to have a different opinion from the gentleman who has addressed us on the part of the minority. Our war is not a war of conquest. Speakers in some states cursed Cleveland; the South Carolina convention denounced him. The full text of William Jenning Bryan's famous "Cross of Gold" speech appears below. Russell's address was inaudible to most of the Coliseum; he was ill and died just over a week later. [64] Throughout the speech, Bryan had the delegates in the palm of his hand; they cheered on cue. William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention in July of 1896 as part of his bid for the party's presidential nomination. Some people, for the most part Democrats, joined the far-left Populist Party. [51], The debate on the platform opened at the start of the third day of the convention, July 9, 1896. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned. More than that, we can tell them this, that they will search the pages of history in vain to find a single instance in which the common people of any land ever declared themselves in favor of a gold standard. The third ballot saw Bland still in the lead, but Bryan took the lead on the fourth ballot. The gold standard, which the United States had effectively been on since 1873, limited the money supply but eased trade with other nations, such as the United Kingdom, whose currency was also based on gold. He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations: There are two ideas of government. It is the issue of 1776 over again. With the powerful words he used, Bryan showed his support to the Populists. It was not unconstitutional when it went before the Supreme Court for the first time. i. [20], Bryan had long planned to run for president. As Hill moved to the podium, a reporter friend passed Bryan a note urging him to make a patriotic speech without hint of sectionalism; Bryan responded, "You will not be disappointed. "[92], When McKinley heard that Bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report "rot" and hung up the phone. William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" oration was primarily an expression of his (A) fundamentalist religious beliefs (B) neutral stance toward the belligerents of the First World War (C) advocacy of free and unlimited coinage of silver (D) opposition to teaching the theory of evolution in public schools (E) anti-imperialist convictions In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. On the night of July 8, William Jennings Bryan revealed himself as the candidate the silverites were looking for by delivering one of the most famous speeches in American history. from Harper's Weekly, 18 July, 1896. They tell us that this platform was made to catch votes. [54], Senator David B. Hill of New York, a gold supporter, was next. McKinley on the other hand, opted for a front porch campaign. The use of symbols: -the suit -gas station -the 2 trucks iii. [17] In his conclusion, Bryan reached back in history: When a crisis like the present arose and the national bank of his day sought to control the politics of the nation, God raised up an Andrew Jackson, who had the courage to grapple with that great enemy, and by overthrowing it, he made himself the idol of the people and reinstated the Democratic party in public confidence. (This inflationary measure would have increased the amount of money in circulation and aided cash-poor and debt-burdened farmers.) We reply to them that changing conditions make new issues; that the principles upon which rest Democracy are as everlasting as the hills; but that they must be applied to new conditions as they arise. Lafayette, CA: d press, 1995. His sympathetic comparison contrasted the hardworking farmer with the city businessman, whom Bryan cast as a gambler. No, my friends, it will never be the judgment of this people. The merchant at the crossroads store is as much a businessman as the merchant of New York. Mr. Carlisle said in 1878 that this was a struggle between the idle holders of idle capital and the struggling masses who produce the wealth and pay the taxes of the country; and my friends, it is simply a question that we shall decide upon which side shall the Democratic Party fight. Bryan, having established the right of silver supporters to petition, explained why that petition was not to be denied: It is for these that we speak. So if they come to meet us on that, we can present the history of our nation. They manufactured that leader in the convention, a fabrication in which Bryan was only too happy to assist.[108]. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.[76]. Historian James A. Barnes, in his historical journal article pointing out myths that have arisen about Bryan's candidacy and campaign, stated that Bryan's efforts bore fruit even before the convention: By April, 1896, many individuals were quietly working for Bryan's nomination. Four years previously, the former Nebraska congressman had electrified Democratic delegates with his "Cross of Gold" speech, which defined the policy of "free silver" as a moral crusade and helped propel him to the party's presidential nomination . Reprinted in The Annals of America, Vol. He cared about politics and his religion equally. Although Hamilton understood that adjustment might be needed from time to time as precious metal prices fluctuated, he believed that if the nation's unit of value were defined only by one of the two precious metals used for coins, the other would descend to the status of mere merchandise, unusable as a store of value. In later years Bryan delivered numerous variations on the speech, some captured on early phonograph recordings. We come to speak for this broader class of businessmen. [95] However, Bryan did gain the support of the Populists, as well as a convention of Silver Republicans. The gentleman from Wisconsin has said he fears a Robespierre. [1][78], Now, Bryan was ready to conclude the speech, and according to his biographer, Michael Kazin, step "into the headlines of American history". Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. Angered by Cleveland's actions in the labor dispute, and by his uncompromising stand against silver, Altgeld began to organize Democrats against Cleveland's renomination in 1896. I deny it. They are also most often funny. Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. (The cartoon appeared in the post-dated July 7 issue of Harper's Weekly, published in late June.) Both of these movements helped to create the People's Party, or the Populist Party, which officially established its party platform in Omaha, Nebraska, on July 4, 1892. The attorney in a country town is as much a businessman as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis. 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