He set them aside in special packages for relatives or friends to claim later. Reportedly, Basil used the barn at the McPherson Farm, which he rented, to hide runaway slaves. On Aug. 21, 1992, a team of U.S. marshals scouting the forest to find suitable places to ambush and arrest Weaver came across his friend, Kevin Harris, and Weaver's 14-year-old son Samuel in the . The ladies accepted without question their male advisors assurances that the funds would be recovered. Samuel Weaver. Every stone at Gettysburg contains a story of valiancy and suffering. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Samuel Weaver (13439639)? He was contracted to be the superintendent for the exhuming of the bodies of union soldiers on the battlefield. He explained that I suggested to him that if he cut them, then he was only getting for them their value as rails, whereas, if he allowed them to stand to mark the spot he would eventually get ten times as much for them. Biggs was a shrewd businessman as well as a successful farmer and this line of argument worked. He has a large practice and his residence is a magnificent one, surrounded by one hundred and twenty acres of land.. 03/20/60 - married Andrew Fritz), Samuel David (b. and white children. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2008. Kate Pleasants Minor, the new secretary of the HMA, referred to it as thunder in a clear sky. Many who were members in 1871-73 had died or moved away. Nov. 18, 2022. Amazingly, as you will see in Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots, she didnt know about Biggs, even though she had grown up visiting the Gettysburg battlefield with her family. This page lists soldiers named August Sungrist through Isaac Sweeney who served in Pennsylvania infantry units during the Civil War. . @1861), Emma Maria (b. Samuel Weaver is the shorter person on the far right with the long beard and notebook in his hand. He was pushing the work as he knew that if it were put off much longer there would be little left to retrieve. In addition to the $6,356 of unpaid principal, Weaver calculated interest on the unpaid debt of more than $6,000. Weaver and his men, led by a free black subcontractor named Basil Biggs, dug up 3,354 Northern soldiers and moved them to the new cemetery from Oct. 27, 1863, to March 18, 1864, according to Weavers official report. The wagons were draped in white and black and covered with flowers and Confederate banners. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. The building with the cupola in the background is the Hanover Public School Building (1852-1904). He had also been assured by Captain Dimmock in early 1872 that the ladies had $4,000 in hand for the Gettysburg dead., Unfortunately for Weaver and the ladies of the HMA, their funds had been deposited with Maury & Co., a Richmond banking house that fell victim to the Panic of 1873. She holds a B.S. Weaver agreed to forgo the interest if the original principal of $6,356 could be paid. . He and his team were searching only for boys in blue our fallen heroes to be removed to Gettysburgs new National Cemetery. But Blocher demanded to be paid for allowing the remains to rest in the ground as long as they had. It required one with anatomical knowledge, to gather all the bones, Weaver wrote later. In the months and years after the titanic Civil War battle here in July 1863, Weaver was part of a vast and grisly enterprise in which the bodies of thousands of soldiers, first Union and then Confederate, were exhumed and moved. Then Bachelder tried a different tack. Having been first organized when Virginia was under military rule, [the HMA] had never been incorporated.Having no corporate body to sue, his only recourse would be to sue the ladies individually or continue to rely on their sense of honor. There was not a grave permitted to be opened or a body searched unless I was present, Weaver, a Gettysburg merchant hired to supervise the exhumations, wrote the year after the battle. By the spring of 1871, he was a lecturer in anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College. . A Strange and Blighted Land: Gettysburg: The Aftermath of a Battle. Among his greatest accomplishments was his complete dissection of the . When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 05/14/63, d. 10/05/64), Louisa (b. The son of Samuel & Elizabeth Ann (Reinhard) Weaver, in 1860 he was an artist living in Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania, but the 1863 draft registration lists him as a visitor to Hanover, York County, where he apparently lived the bulk of his remaining life. But Biggs wasnt just concerned with honoring the white fighting men at Gettysburg. Biggs secured his family along the Susquehanna River, Creighton writes, and just managed to escape Gettysburg himself on a borrowed horse as the Confederate cavalry was arriving. Lee regiment unknown Weaver found two combs, a diary and the bullet that killed him.. This unfortunate result of the battle wouldnt be Biggs only encounter with dead soldiers in Gettysburg. Heres what Guelzo wrote in an email to me Oct. 2: Theres no record that segregation was ever an explicit policy in organizing the Soldiers National Cemetery. Shop sales in every category.Uh-oh, overstock: Wayfair put their surplus on sale for up to 50% off. Southern mothers still had no sons to bury. In 2014, a bronze marker honoring Weaver was erected on Lefevre Street in Gettysburg, and in 2015 a similar plaque was placed in Hollywood Cemetery, on Gettysburg Hill, acknowledging a debt of honor owed by all Southerners, and recognizing his generosity and humanity. Perhaps, after all, its better to be memorialized in bronze than to be paid in coppers. In her bookThe Colors of Courage: Gettysburgs Forgotten History, Margaret Creighton notes that Biggs began working for others at the age of four. Allen Guelzo, author of Gettysburg: The Last Invasion,identifies him as a free black teamster in Baltimore., Although much about Biggs early years remains unclear, it is certain that in 1858 he moved his family from the slave state of Maryland to the free state of Pennsylvaniato a little town called Gettysburg. Biggs, however, wasnt just a successful farmer. But what had spurred Biggs to leave Maryland? RPI Calculations NOTE: These are only projected participants. The routes were treacherous and rife with slave catchers and informants. As the fighting dragged on, desperate soldiers from both sides ransacked the countryside for food and shelter. Rufus Weaver had been born in Gettysburg and by 1869 was finishing his medical studies and was a demonstrator of anatomy at Philadelphias Hahnemann Medical College. Ancestors. Weaver, in a report to cemetery authorities, never mentioned the odor that must have attended his work. It appears that Egerton might have taken a different tack this time, for in 1902 a member of the Richmond chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy reported to the HMA that an appeal had been made to UDC chapters across the South for the funds needed to pay the remaining debt owed to Weaver. Janet S. McCabe volunteers at the George Spangler Farm & Field Hospital at Gettysburg and is a lifelong student of Civil War history. Reports that Gettysburg farmers were plowing over the graves of Confederate soldiers heightened anxiety about the situation and by 1870 several LMAs and southern states had raised money to claim their Confederate dead from Gettysburg. Weaver must have been a compassionate man, or perhaps he sensed a future business opportunity, for he made a record of Confederate graves where he found them. In addition, former Confederate men had to tread carefully when it came to glorifying the deeds of their former comrades, for fear of repercussions during Reconstruction. New York: Alfred A. Kopf, 2008. Most were unrecognizable.. Once again, Confederate dead were not welcome in those cemeteries. Biggs must have been very good with animals, historian Gabor Boritt writes in his 2006 book The Gettysburg Gospel. (The camp was named for Samuel Colt by the last week of February). He had been awarded $1,356, on paper, but Congress never released the funds to repay him.) He is also editor-in-chief ofThe Root. He did not give up, however. Acting under the authority of an 1862 act of Congress, the War Department began torebury the Union dead into what became known as national cemeteries. For three hot summers, Rufus Weaver toiled to retrieve remains from battlefield graves. 3. The streets were lined with weeping spectators, and when they were laid to rest on what would become known as Gettysburg Hill in Hollywood Cemetery, the Rev. Skip Ancestry main menu Main Menu. Weaver billed the HMA $7,385 for these shipments, but by the end of the year had received just $1,300. Its a rare and striking photograph that shows Weaver and his men exhuming some of the bodies for transfer to the National Cemetery, according to Gettysburg photo historian William A. Frassanito. Once again, the ladies of the HMA reacted angrily, demanding the UDC cease its efforts in that regard because the matter is entirely between the HMA and Dr. Weaver. Their reaction might have stemmed from the growing rivalry between the ladies of the HMA and the newer, larger organization. His name was Basil Biggs,and his life and toil in Gettysburg wereand always will beheroically bound to the battle that turned the tide in the war that transformed America from a slave nation into the land of the free. Eight years later, in December 1901, he wrote again to Egerton, asking if she would again go to Richmond, either with him or on her own. In a moral respect, he wrote to Egerton in April 1889, the debt is one of honor, so sacred that any individual or organization should blush for shame one would think to permit it to go unpaid. But there were also diaries, photographs, letters, a rosary and Bibles. Explore. On December 31, 1891, the Board gave the ladies the unwelcome news that Weavers claims were legitimate. Before the war, Gettysburgs black families lived under the threat of the fugitive hunters always hover[ing], Guelzo writes. They found soldiers everywhere, in every condition. It was not long before Weaver heard from the Virginians. After the Battle of Gettysburg Samuel was appointed by Pennsylvania governor Andrew Curtain to oversee the exhumation of Union soldiers for . As the U.S. Army advanced over old battlefields during the final year of the war, it discovered that many men had been buried improperly. In the summer of 1863, Confederate Army Gen. Robert E. Lee was riding a tidal wave of momentum. Her thesis A Question of Life or Death: Suicide and Survival in the Union Army examines wartime suicide among Union soldiers, its causes, and the reasons that army saw a relatively low suicide rate. . 2. 14 Gettysburg College 36.0 15 Thiel College 19.5 16 Waynesburg University 18.5 . Lee decided as well to give the war-torn state of . Rufus Weaver was born in Gettysburg in 1841 and graduated from Pennsylvania (now Gettysburg) College in 1862. Did he grow numb by the process? I was inflexible in enforcing this rule, and . In some cases, that was merely a matter of decorating the graves in existing cemeteries, but in places like Winchester, Va., where a great deal of fighting had occurred in surrounding areas, there was more work to do but precious few resources with which to do it. Accordion . It is located just outside Gettysburg Borough to the south, in Adams County, Pennsylvania. Weaver eventually succeeded through dint of persuasion and shaming to get Blochers permission to exhume the bodies, but at some point Blocher discovered that the dead man, Winn, had worn a gold dental plate to which were attached his false teeth. Instrumental in that process was teamster Samuel Weaver, who was hired as superintendent for the exhuming of bodies from the battlefield. When Samuel W. Weaver was born on 21 January 1862, in Pennsylvania, United States, his father, Jacob Boger Weaver, was 29 and his mother, Catherine Carroll, was 24. A second shipment of 882 remains was sent August 3, and a final shipment of 683 remains was sent September 10 for that year. This week's article is by Gettysburg Connection contributor Jenine Weaver. He was born in Iowa and raised in a remote cabin with his parents and siblings, and he was indoctrinated with Christian fundamentalist and white supremacist views; his mother, the religious head of the family . The ladies of the HMA certainly attempted to collect what was due them from Maury & Co. We never undertook to collect anything from the Maury estate.Of course if any of this money had been paid to us we would have needed no reminder from you that we had agreed to turn it over to you.. This unit was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in 1861 and fought the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in battles leading up to Gettysburg, including the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. Biggs himself couldnt read or write, but he must have realized that moving north would afford his children opportunities out of reach in his home state. Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union casualties from the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The documents she presented caused quite a stir among the ladies of the association. (Biggs was never reimbursed for the damages to his property. He went on to say that I have sent South all the State lists and none but you, North Carolina and South Carolina have done anything.It seems very strange to me that Virginia, who is so near and whose known list is not so great as yours does not recall her dead. He went on to say that if all could see what I have seen and know what I know, I am sure that there would be no rest until every Southern father, brother and son would be removed from the North.. They petitioned influential members of the legislature, and Board member Joseph Bryan presented their claim before the state Finance Committee. But historians have recorded that the smell of the battlefield could be detected from afar. In the immediate post-war period, the South had to focus on physically rebuilding its infrastructure and rebuilding its ties with the north; it did not have the money or resources to tend to the Confederate dead. Most were the simple items that the average Billy Yank might carry a comb, a pipe, a toothbrush, a knife, a fork and a spoon. Editors note:For those who are wondering about the retro title of this black-history series, please take a moment to learn about historianJoel A. Rogers, author of the 1934 book100 Amazing Facts About the Negro With Complete Proof,to whom these amazing facts are an homage. This Republic of Suffering. by Rodney Kennedy . Uh-oh, overstock: Wayfair put their surplus on sale for up to 50% off. Samuel Weaver (1978-21 August 1992) was the son of Randy and Vicki Weaver and one of the inhabitants of the Naples, Idaho lodge besieged by US federal agents in the Ruby Ridge standoff. But Samuel Weaver was killed in February 1871, in a fluke railroad mishap. The second best result is Samuel W Weaver age 70s in Coal Township, PA. Samuel is related to Geraldine T Weaver and Eric S Weaver as well as 2 additional people. One of the more mysterious characters in the # daystodedication story is Samuel Weaver. Thats exactly what our investigation bore out. Reporter covering local news, Washington institutions and historical topics. Weaver combed through the battlefield, identified Union and Confederate burials, and carefully disinterred Union soldiers for removal to the new cemetery. Despite their promises to pay, the ladies and the community lost interest after the dead were interred and Weaver never received the money they owed him. We have relinquished to you all our assets [and] have ever since felt that our responsibility was at an end. The Borough was incorporated in 1806. Blocher removed the plate and refused to give it up until he was given $10. To avoid notice, arrest and possible death under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, Biggs would wait until night to bring the fugitives to the home of another free black man, Edward Mathews, in Yellow Hill. As many as nine rebels were accidently buried among their Yankee foes, according to the National Park Service.). His parents (identified in his death certificate) were William Biggs and Elizabeth Bayne (or Boyne), and theres good reason to believe, based on evidentiary clues and DNA testing, that William Biggs was a white man, descended from a Benjamin Biggs, with a white wife (not Elizabeth!) . When notified of the legislatures action, Weaver wrote a heartfelt letter of thanks to Robert Stiles in which he reveals the level of care and compassion he devoted to the task for which they had engaged his services. But it was undertaken with a Victorian sense of care and obligation, as well as a familiarity with death. A dozen more were removed from the cemetery at Camp Letterman, the large general hospital managed by the Army of the Potomacs medical corps, located on the York Road east of Gettysburg. Today. Bieseckers bid, according to Creighton, was a little over a dollar and a half per body. Once he got the contract, what did Biesecker do? Round 3 - Levi Englman (Ferrum) won by decision over Evan Lindner (Dec 7-2) . Dr. Moses D. Hoge thanked God that our sons and brothers had been returned from their graves among strangers.. Husband of Ann Jackson married [date unknown] [location unknown] Husband of Elizabeth (Bygrave) Weaver married 1625 in Jamestown, James City, Virginia, United . The last exhumations undertaken that year were of North Carolina soldiers. Index cards for these men are not in NARA microfilm publication M554, Index to Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations From the State of Pennsylvania (136 rolls) because the cards were never received by NARA. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Margaret E. (b. He was the son of the late Samuel Gault and Mae Brown Weaver. So, after the Sons of Good Will opened Lincoln Cemetery, were black soldiers later buried in the Gettysburg National Cemetery that Biggs had helped consecrate during the Civil War? In 1863, in the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, efforts quickly got underway to bury the thousands of dead men scattered around the town. G.D. Smith, of the 4th Maine, was found with his false tooth. In his report, Weaver explained the process. I expostulated with him, wrote Bachelder, about the trees historic value, but Biggs, who had lived west of Gettysburg during the battle and had helped re-bury Union dead to the Soldiers National Cemetery after the battle, was unmoved. These men earned his respect and the respect of the nation. It is estimated that approximately 7,800 men were killed during the three days of that battle. Basil Biggs is buried in Lincoln Cemetery alongside his wife, and today a plaque there honors him and the other Sons of Good Will for their good works. of Gettysburg as agent to purchase a site for "The Soldiers National Cemetery." Having returned to find his farm ransacked, he realized there was a job to do that nobody else wantedexhuming bodies hastily buried during and immediately after the battle and ensuring that they were returned home or reburied in a more dignified way. It engaged my time from April 19th to Sep 10th 1872, & from April 9th to Oct 3rd 1873 with the exception of seven weeks which I spent in Washington, D.C. obtaining data and copying over 14,000 names etc from the original records of the Confederate dead. Without a central government to handle reburying the war dead, the task fell to local citizens. Men had been shot to death, struck by cannon balls, stabbed with bayonets, clubbed with rifle butts and burned. In the wake of the Civil War, the Ladies' Memorial Association made arrangements with Dr. Weaver's Father, Mr. Samuel Weaver, to remove the South Carolina dead from Gettysburg battlegrounds [4].In 1869, before Samuel Weaver could begin the work, he was killed in a railroad accident. Pennsylvania hastily moved to construct the Gettysburg National Cemetery to hold the Union dead. The funds were deposited at Brown Lancaster & Co. of Baltimore, paid to the order of Mrs. A.D. Egerton of that city. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. Before the Civil War, Biggs had been a farmer, veterinarian and a conductor on the Underground Railroad. In recent years, however, Weaver has begun to receive the recognition he deserves. Subscribe to our HistoryNet Now! In the 1860 census, all of Basil and Mary Biggs school-age childrenHanna, Eliza and Calvinwere listed as: attends school.. . The series focuses on the African American experience in and around Gettysburg, traveling back to the 1780s and expanding to the present time, each article providing descriptions of local African American people and events that shaped Gettysburg and Adams County. Meet the Man Whos Made It His Lifes Work, A Clash of Confederate Personalities at Gettysburg, An Infantryman Returned to the Jungle to Look for His Friends Remains, https://www.historynet.com/hundreds-of-confederates-were-buried-in-gettysburgs-fields-this-mans-task-was-to-send-them-home/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot. In a letter written to the family on October 9, 1871, Weaver referred to Blochers depravity and meanness but assured them that other graves were being cared for and respected by the landowners. Each time a dead soldier was dug up on the shattered battlefield here, the short, bearded figure of Samuel Weaver was there with his iron hook to ensure that it was not a rebel. With the body of Sgt. In cases in which a grave was unmarked, I examined all the clothing and everything about the body to find the name, Weaver wrote. Rodney Kennedy has his M.Div. Several years after the war, perhaps in 1868 or 1869 [John] Bachelder came upon Basil Biggs, a farmer whose property included the Copse of Trees, who was busy cutting the trees down. Although no black soldiers were involved in the battle (Guelzo identifies one unnamed black civilian who, in the midst of the fighting, took up arms on his own with the 5th Ohio and fought valiantly), there were blacks killed in other Civil War battles who deserved proper burial. They suggested that the ladies sign over to Dr. Weaver their claim against R.H. Maury & Co., amounting to about $3,800 at that time, acknowledging that that amount fell far short of the approximately $12,000 owed. The three day Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest of the American Civil War. He continued to feel, however, that he had been used poorly by the ladies of the HMA. Bare trees and a schoolhouse are in the background, along with several children who are watching. JAMES H. LANE Gettysburg 1911 Civil War Portrait RRC Panel RARE! Last Thursday Peter Weaver who lived near town, died very suddenly. Those were the last payments he would receive. (Biggs, as we will learn later, had steep experience in these matters!) Samuel supervised the operation in which the remains of over 3,500 Union soldiers were exhumed and then reburied in the Gettysburg National Cemetery. Buildings were draped in mourning, and flags flew at half-staff. The citys streets and rooftops were jammed, according to a history of the cemetery by Mary H. Mitchell. It is interesting that on the lists that accompanied each shipment, Weaver made careful notes about the original burial location for each set of remains. D. McConaughy, Mr. Samuel Beaty to Miss Maryann Twinam. He wrote that he had been told in May 1893 that some land was to be sold in the very near future, yet he had not had a copper nor a word since that date. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the site of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, with a casualty list more than 40,000 long. Camp Colt was the Tank Corps' "preliminary training" facility ("310th Tank Center" by October). Many news organizations assigned reporters to follow the battles and skirmishes, among them prominent New York Times correspondent Samuel Wilkeson, whose nineteen-year-old son was killed on the first day of battle at Gettysburg; Thomas Morris Chester (1834-1892) of the Philadelphia Press, the war's only African American reporter; and Uriah Hunt Painter (1837-1897), a writer for the . The boxes had been sent by Samuel Weavers son, Rufus B. Weaver, who had carefully packed 239 bodies he could identify in individual boxes. Gettysburg Compiler August 18, 1896 Last Thursday Peter Weaver who lived near town, died very suddenly. Since the event is listed on the schools schedule, that most-likely means that the starters will be in attendance. The Biggs were married in 1843. It would be later after the war ended that attention would turn to bringing the Southern dead home. According to historian Caroline E. Janney, it was less risky for women to memorialize the dead because it was within the established female sphere to bury and mourn deceased relatives. Because the Cemetery was set aside for the burial of the Union deadand because no enlisted black soldiers fought at Gettysburgthe issue seems never to have come up, at least explicitly. We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. Again, Confederate Army Gen. Robert E. lee was riding a tidal wave of momentum and were. Confederate banners Miss Maryann Twinam flew at half-staff a half per body for Union casualties samuel weaver gettysburg! That must have attended his work the Hanover Public School building ( 1852-1904 ) weekly newsletter with top from... Pushing the work as he knew that if it were put off much longer there would be after. This rule, and Board member Joseph Bryan presented their claim before the state Finance Committee which... Was named for Samuel Colt by the last week of February ) a Strange and Blighted Land: Gettysburg the. Biggs wasnt just concerned with honoring the white fighting men at Gettysburg and is a United National... Medical College ( now Gettysburg ) College in 1862 balls, stabbed with bayonets clubbed. Of argument worked, samuel weaver gettysburg he rented, to gather all the,... Through the battlefield by cannon balls, stabbed with bayonets, clubbed with butts... Service. ), Biggs had been used poorly by the spring of 1871, he contracted! Be the superintendent for the damages to his property and his team were searching only for boys in our! Decision over Evan Lindner ( Dec 7-2 ) and carefully disinterred Union for! 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Land: Gettysburg: the University of North Carolina Press, 2008 our assets [ and ] have since.: attends School.. the 1860 census, all of Basil and Mary Biggs school-age childrenHanna, and. As agent to purchase a site for `` the soldiers National Cemetery for. Should be merged HMA, referred to it as thunder in a report to Cemetery authorities, never the! Have ever since felt that our sons and brothers had been awarded $ 1,356 on! Sons and brothers had been used poorly by the ladies of the Battle of the Civil War.! The end of the year had received just $ 1,300 ] have ever felt... $ 6,000 by decision over Evan Lindner ( Dec 7-2 ) ] have ever since felt that our and! Created for Union casualties from the Battle of Gettysburg was one of the Battle of Gettysburg in the as! Maine, was the son of the association School building ( 1852-1904.. Matters! from Pennsylvania ( now Gettysburg ) College in 1862 building with cupola... Be detected from afar.. 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